home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Multimedia Chemistry 1 & 2
/
Multimedia Chemistry I & II (1996-9-11) [English].img
/
chem
/
chapter3.4c
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1996-07-26
|
8KB
|
201 lines
à 3.4cèAcids
äèPlease write ê name or formula ç ê followïg bïary acids.
âèHCl(aq) is called hydrochloric acid.
éSèAn acid is a substance that can donate or supply a proën, Hó.
In most cases, ê hydrogen is ê first element ï ê chemical formula.
The bïary acids possess hydrogen å a nonmetal.èThese acids result
from dissolvïg ê bïary molecular compound ï water.
Bïary compounds ç hydrogen å a nonmetal ï ê gas or liquid states
are named as molecular compounds.èIn Section 3.3, we learned ë name
å ë write formulas ç bïary molecular compounds.èFor example, HCl(g)
is named hydrogen chloride, where ê "(g)" ïdicates ê HCl is ï ê
gaseous state.èMany oêr bïary compounds ç hydrogen are treated ï
ê same manner.èH╖S(g) is named hydrogen sulfide.
When êse compounds are ï an aqueous (water) solution, we name êm as
acids.èTo name a bïary acid, we use a hydro- prefix ë designate ê
hydrogen.èThe "-ide" endïg ç ê nonmetal ï ê molecular name ç ê
compound bïary is changed "ic acid".èUsïg hydrogen chloride as an
example, HCl(aq) is called hydrochloric acid.èAnoêr example is ê
name hydrosulfuric acid for H╖S(aq).èThe "(aq)" designates an aqueous
or water solution.
1èThe name ç HF(aq) is ...
A) hydrçluoride acid. B) hydrçluoric acid.
C) hydrogen fluoride acid. D) hydrogen fluoride acid.
üèIn ê acid name, ê H is specified by ê "hydro-" prefix.
The "F" is ê symbol for fluorïe.èThe fluorïe becomes "-fluoric acid"
ï namïg ê compound as an acid.èThe complete name is hydrçluoric
acid.è(HF(g) or HF(l) is named hydrogen fluoride.)
Ç B
2èThe name ç HBr(aq) is ...
A) hydrobromic acid. B) hydrobromide acid.
C) hydrogen bromide acid. D) hydrogenbromic acid.
üèIn ê acid name, ê H is specified by ê "hydro-" prefix.
The "Br" is ê symbol for bromïe.èThe bromïe becomes "-bromic acid"
ï namïg ê compound as an acid.èThe complete name is hydrobromic
acid.è(HBr(g) or HBr(l) is named hydrogen bromide.)
Ç A
3èThe name ç H╖Se(aq) is ...
A) selenic acid. B) hydrogenselenous acid.
C) hydroselenic acid. D) hydrogen selenium acid.
üèIn ê acid name, ê H is specified by ê "hydro-" prefix.
The "Se" is ê symbol for selenium.èThe selenium becomes "-selenic
acid" ï namïg ê compound as an acid.èThe complete name is
hydroselenic acid.è(H╖Se(g) or H╖Se(l) is named hydrogen selenide.)
Ç C
4èThe formula ç hydrochloric acid is ...
A) HCl╖(aq).èè B) H╖OCl(aq).èè C) HCl(aq).èè D) H╖Cl(aq).
ü From ê name hydrochloric acid, we know that this is a bïary
acid contaïïg hydrogen å chlorïe.èHydrogen is ï Group 1 å exists
as Hó ï êse bïary acids.èChlorïe is ï Group 17 å exists as Clú.
To balance ê charge, one Hó requires only one Clú. The formula is HCl.
Ç C
5èThe formula ç hydroiodic acid is ...
A) HI(aq).èè B) H╖I(aq).èè C) HI╖(aq).èè D) H╖OI(aq).
ü From ê name hydroiodic acid, we know that this is a bïary acid
contaïïg hydrogen å iodïe.èHydrogen is ï Group 1 å exists as Hó
ï êse bïary acids.èIodïe is ï Group 17 å exists as Iú.èTo
balance ê charge, one Hó requires only one Iú. The formula is HI.
Ç A
äèPlease name or write structures for ê followïg oxoacids.
âèH╖SO╣ is named sulfuric acid.èSulfurous acid is H╖SO╕.
éSèOxoacids contaï variable numbers ç hydrogens, oxygens, å
usually one central nonmetal or metal aëm.èThe most common oxoacid
takes its name from ê name ç ê nonmetal or metal which is modified
with an "-ic" endïg followed by ê word "acid".
When ê central aëm forms two common acids, ê acid with more oxygen
will have ê "-ic acid" endïg; ê acid with one less oxygen will have
an "-ous acid" endïg.èTwo examples are:
HNO╕ - nitric acidèåèHNO╖ - nitrous acid, å
H╖SO╣ - sulfuric acid å H╖SO╕ - sulfurous acid.
Oxoacids with more than two common acid force us ë extend ê namïg
system.èWith ê exception ç fluorïe, ê halogens form four common
oxoacids.èThe prefix "per-" is used for ê acid with ê greatest
number ç oxygens: "hypo-", with ê least.èThe oxoacids ç chlorïe å
êir names follow:
HClO╣ - perchloric acidè(more oxygens than chloric acid)
HClO╕ - chloric acid
HClO╖ - chlorous acid
HClOè- hypochlorous acidè(fewer oxygens than chlorous acid).
The oxoacids fo bromïe å iodïe follow ê same scheme as chlorïe.
There is no way that someone can know which acid is ê most common å
êrefore has ê "-ic" endïg.èOnly experience å memorization will
help you know ê acid with ê "-ic" endïg.
6èThe name ç HNO╕ is ...
A) nitro acid. B) nitrogen acid.
C) nitric acid. D) nitride acid.
üèThe central nonmetal aëm ï this compound is nitrogen.èThis is
ê most common acid so ê "-ic acid" is ê appropriate endïg.èThis
acid is named nitric acid.
Ç C
7èThe name ç HNO╖ is ...
A) nitrolo acid. B) nitrogenic acid.
C) nitrogenous acid. D) nitrous acid.
üèThe central nonmetal aëm ï this compound is nitrogen.èThis is
acid has one less oxygen than ê most common acid, HNO╕.èThe appropri-
ate endïg is "-ous acid".èThis acid is named nitrous acid.
Ç D
8èThe name ç H╕PO╕ is ...
A) trioxophosphorous acid. B) phosphoric acid.
C) phosphoride acid. D) phosphorous acid.
üèThe central nonmetal aëm ï this compound is phosphorous.èThis is
acid has one less oxygen than ê most common oxoacid ç phosphorous,
H╕PO╣.èConsequently, ê appropriate endïg is "-ous acid".èThis acid
is named phosphorous acid.
Ç D
9èThe name ç H╕PO╣ is ...
A) trioxophosphorous acid. B) phosphoric acid.
C) phosphoride acid. D) phosphorous acid.
üèThe central nonmetal aëm ï this compound is phosphorous.èThis
is ê most common acid ç phosphorous, so ê "-ic acid" is ê appro-
priate endïg.èThis acid is named phosphoric acid.
Ç B
10èThe formula ç perbromic acid is ...
A) HBrO╣ B) HBrO╕
C) HBrO╖ D) HBrO
üèThe "per-" prefix specifies ê acid with ê greatest number ç
oxygen aëms.èThe syllable "brom" ïdicates that this is an oxoacid ç
bromïe.èThe oxoacid ç bromïe with ê most oxygens is HBrO╣ å this
is ê formula ç perbromic acid.
Ç A
11èThe name ç HBrO╖ is ...
A) bromic acid. B) hydrobromic acid.
C) bromous acid. D) dioxobromic acid.
üèThe central nonmetal aëm ï this acid is bromïe.èIt forms four
oxoacids.èHBrO╖ has one more oxygen than ê acid with ê least amount
ç oxygen, which is hypobromous acid.èThe name ç HBrO╖ is bromous acid.
Ç C
12èThe name ç HMnO╣, which is ê oxoacid ç manganese with ê
greatest number ç oxygens, is ...
A) tetraoxomanganic acid. B) permanganic acid.
C) hydromanganic acid. D) manganous acid.
üèThe name ç ê acid with ê most oxygen aëms starts with ê
"per-" prefix.èMn is ê symbol for manganese.èThe endïg for acids
with more oxygens is "-ic acid".èThe acid is named permanganic acid.
Ç B
13èThe name ç H╖CO╕ is ...
A) carbonous acid. B) dihydrocarbon acid.
C) carboxoacid. D) carbonic acid.
üèThe nonmetal aëm ï H╖CO╕ is carbon. The name ç this acid ends
with "-ic", because it is ê most common acid ç carbon.èThe name is
carbonic acid.
Ç D
14èThe formula ç iodic acid is ...
A) HIO╣. B) HIO╕.
C) HIO╖. D) HIO.
üèIodïe, I, is a member ç ê halogens, Group 17,èwhich form
four common oxoacids.èThe "-ic" suffix ïdicates ê oxoacid with a
greater amount ç oxygen.èThe absence ç ê "per-" prefix tells us
that ê acid does not have ê greatest number ç oxygens, which is
four.èIodic acid must have one less oxygen than ê maximum.èThe
formula is HIO╕.
15è The formula ç arsenic acid is ...
A) H╖As. B) H╕AsO╣.
C) H╕AsO╕. D) HAsO╖.
üèArsenic, As, is ï ê same Group as phosphorous å nitrogen.
It is better ë compare arsenic with phosphorous because ê elements at
ê ëp ç ê groups behave somewhat differently from ê remaïïg
elements.èH╕PO╣ is phosphoric acid.èBy analogy,èwe expect H╕AsO╣ ë be
named arsenic acid, which is correct.
Ç B